Poverty and Privacy: An Inverse Relationship (Part 2)

Poverty and Privacy: An Inverse Relationship (Part 2)

By Eden Solarik on November 4, 2022 | Tagged with , ,

If you haven’t already, you may want to read part 1 of this series first. 

In the first part of this series, we discussed the ways in which people experiencing poverty are subjected to higher levels of surveillance, especially in a work context. We also explored the idea that wealth, while not necessarily decreasing how much one is surveilled, impacts the control one has over their surveillance. 

This section stays with the theme of poverty’s intersections with surveillance—but this time we take a look at online forms of surveillance. People experiencing poverty face numerous kinds of online surveillance, varying from brand loyalty programs to free wifi with less protections against hacking. Students who are seeking scholarships may be vulnerable to having their data collected from third-party websites, and the high price of home internet pushes people to use less-secure public wifi hotspots.

Loyalty Programs

If you’re Canadian, chances are you have a PC Optimum card. For our non-Canadian readers, this is a loyalty program that allows customers to collect ‘points’ when they make purchases at a variety of different stores across Canada, owned by Loblaws. Similar programs exist across the world—both for in-person and online retailers. While they may vary in the setup of the program (do you receive points or stars? Does accumulating points get you a discount, in-store cash, or a free item?) One thing remains similar to all: they’re “free”. 

While these programs are technically free, brands have another motivation for offering discounts and points. And no, it’s not to increase customer loyalty, as they want us to believe. These programs are essentially a trade program—exchanging consumer data for lowered costs. There are two main issues with this: customers are not made aware of this exchange, and people experiencing poverty are more vulnerable to this form of mundane surveillance. 

I have signed up for loyalty programs on a number of occasions. As a university student with a part-time job (and cost of living prices that are skyrocketing!), the allure of free stuff is often too good to turn down. As someone who is aware of the pervasiveness of mundane surveillance, I’ll admit that I don’t read the terms and conditions of the programs I sign up for. Many people are not aware of the fact that our data is being harvested through these programs—and signing up is giving them a green light to access our information, whether we read the T&C or not. 

These programs have the potential to target lower-income populations. When the choice is between mundane surveillance but getting cheaper food, or not being surveilled and higher food costs, many will choose the loyalty program. Many more will not even have the option to choose—the difference could mean going hungry. On top of this, a Pew Research study found that lower-income households are more likely to find this arrangement acceptable.

Public Wifi

Wifi is expensive, and Canada has some of the most expensive internet prices in the world. Due to this, many are forced to turn to free public wifi in order to complete necessary tasks. Tasks like paying bills have largely shifted to online platforms. However, these are some of the riskiest online activities to do when using public wifi. For example, the US National Security Agency warns employees to not access any sensitive information when using public wifi. There are two main risks when using public wifi: data collection and hacking

Public wifi networks are available in stores, stations, and restaurants. However, many of these are owned by brands who can track your browsing history when using this public wifi. This data is useful for brands to collect on their customers. Knowing browsing habits is like peering into the mind of a person, and this is exactly what brands want in order to targets ads more effectively. Data collection is often a trade off that customers make (knowingly or otherwise) when they use free wifi. 

There are also security issues that come with using public wifi. Unlike home wifi, the security of public networks is much more dubious. This means that if accessing sensitive information like online banking, bad agents can intercept this information and use it to gain access to things like financial information. If someone is only able to complete important tasks over public wifi, this increases the risk of their personal information being stolen. 

Scholarship Websites

With the rising cost of tuition and living, more and more students are turning to scholarships to support them financially through their studies. While scholarships are generally good at not collecting and sharing personal data, the same cannot be said about privately-run websites that act as an index of available scholarships. Many of these websites collect student data and sell it to third parties, such as colleges and brands wanting to target ads to students.

Not only does this target an already-vulnerable population—young students—but it also has the potential to disproportionately affect students from low-income backgrounds, as scholarship websites offer access to needs-based bursaries. Many students rely partially or completely on financial support to fund their studies, and these predatory websites leverage this to collect their data. Similarly to loyalty programs, these websites often view this as a worthy trade off. However, we must question how this sort of surveillance and data collection targets historically surveilled populations, and how it encourages this surveillance to endure in the digital age.

 

Whether it be loyalty programs, unsecured public wifi, or scholarship websites, there is less privacy for populations experiencing poverty. This is not the only group that experiences these forms of surveillance, though. As we have seen, students are also more vulnerable to these forms of surveillance. Interestingly, surveillance is becoming more of the norm for everyone. We are now seeing the rise of “luxury surveillance“—pricey devices that collect data in exchange for an (often merely small) improvement in daily life. The era we are in marks a shift from the surveillance of the oppressed, to the surveillance of all. While people could once buy their way out of surveillance (which to an extent is still possible), we are now all inextricably tied to our devices. Devices which, because of their design, do not allow us to buy privacy.

Written by: Eden Solarik

Edited by: Lucas Wright

Featured Image: Created with Open AI’s DALL-E 2

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Poverty and Privacy: An Inverse Relationship (Part 1)

By Eden Solarik on October 7, 2022 | Tagged with , , ,

We are living in an era where privacy has become less and less of a given: the default is now surveillance. From doorbell cameras to smart assistants, TikTok to Google calendar, we’re constantly being monitored and tracked. However, there are some groups who are afforded more privacy—who can buy more privacy—than the rest of the population. On the flip side, there are also groups who are at a privacy disadvantage. Socioeconomic standing factors into access to private spaces (both online and in the real-world).

This is particularly relevant to students. Students have less income than the average population, and therefore are more vulnerable to predatory tactics from companies. However, students often come from households with higher household incomes than the average population.

This post will focus on the interactions between surveillance and poverty, with an emphasis on the technologies used in physical spaces (as opposed to online surveillance) and their correlation with poverty. This is the first half of a two-part post. In the next post, we will explore how surveillance in online spaces increases with poverty, concluding by asking whether the surveillance will continue to largely target underprivileged groups—or if it is now affecting everyone. 

Video Surveillance

Video surveillance is becoming ever-pervasive. The amount of security cameras in cities is already staggering, and only continuing to rise. Exemplifying just how often we are on camera, one artist created a project in which he used open security cameras to find the moment when people captured photos for Instagram. On top of this, the purchasing of privately-owned security cameras is on the rise. In 2021 alone, Amazon’s Ring sold more than 1.7 million units. As income decreases, so does control of surveillance. Costing around $50-$100+, the target demographic of security cameras is middle class consumers. While they are accessible to underprivileged groups as well, there is also an infrastructure needed to set up these security systems (wifi, a phone, etc). This means that there is a greater likelihood of these devices being present in middle- and upper-class areas.Security cameras in low income neighbourhoods are likely to be owned by businesses, government, and law enforcement, instead of private citizens.

Control of surveillance does not equate to privacy, but there is a salient difference between being surveilled by your own camera, and being surveilled by someone else’s. As the owner of, say, a Ring doorbell or security camera, you have the ability to keep footage, delete footage, review and share footage, or even remove the camera entirely. If you are being surveilled, you have no agency in the surveillance process: you are a passive object on camera. Human rights activist groups have been sounding the alarm bell on video surveillance for years. An article published by the ACLU in 2002 outlined the potential for misuse and abuse of surveillance footage. The worries they raised are even more palpable today—the issues we are facing have the potential to reinforce, and intensify, socioeconomic and racial power imbalances that have persisted for decades.

Workplace Surveillance

Employee surveillance is increasing across different employment sectors. This is particularly evident in lower paying jobs. 

Many of us have read about the 1984-esque conditions that Amazon workers are subjected to on the job. Everything—from time-off-task to the length of their bathroom breaks—is monitored. This has been one of the contributing factors to the unionisation efforts at many amazon fulfilment centres. Warehouse employees are monitored with AI video cameras that make sure workers stay six feet apart at all times. Drivers are monitored “100% of the time” with a four-camera AI system called Driveri—reportedly used in other transport trucks across the country. This experience is not unique to Amazon employees. 

Truckers are another example—they are chronically underpaid, overworked, and highly surveilled. Trucking is viewed by some as a means of escaping poverty, but many truckers sacrifice family lives, health, and privacy for a living wage. Trucks are equipped with a range of sensors, from cameras tracking eye movements to sensors monitoring the braking patterns of drivers. This is partially an effort to increase the safety of the drivers and those on the road around them, but the question should be raised: is the tradeoff of privacy for safety worth it?

Even working from home doesn’t necessarily mean a worker is safe from surveillance. For example, call centre employees in Colombia reported being forced to sign contracts that allowed their company to install security cameras in their home workspace—which sometimes amounts to putting security cameras in their bedroom. 

 

Poverty plays a significant role in the way one is surveilled—not only the frequency of surveillance, but also the nature of surveillance. In this sense, privacy is becoming a commodity that is acquired through socioeconomic standing. This is present through video surveillance of everyday life, as well as surveillance of workers in job settings. This is also present in online spaces, which is the focus of the second part of this article (being posted Friday, October 21st).

Further Considerations:

  • How do you think control of surveillance changes the impacts of surveillance? Do you think there is a power imbalance between the surveiller and the surveilled? Who should be considered the surveiller—the owner of the camera or the company that sells it?
  • How do you think surveillance reinforces the cycle of poverty?
  • Are there ethical implications to surveillance? Does it change if it is by individuals, universities, companies, or law enforcement?

Written by: Eden Solarik

Edited by: Lucas Wright

Featured Image: Photo by Andrew Stickelman on Unsplash

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New to Digital Tattoo? Start Here!

By Eden Solarik on September 16, 2022 | Tagged with

As students and faculty are returning to campus, our use of online technology is increasing—from connecting to peers on social media, to using platforms such as Canvas and Google Workspace for coursework. Though we use these tools frequently, how often do we think about our privacy on these platforms, or our digital identity online? That’s where we come in! The Digital Tattoo Project has lots of resources to help you manage your digital identity and project yourself online.

What is the Digital Tattoo Project?

The Digital Tattoo Project is a collaborative project between UBC and the University of Toronto (UofT). The main focus of the project is provoking thought and conversation about your presence online, offering advice about forming your digital identity, and letting you know your rights and responsibilities as an online citizen. 

The project is a students-as-partners project—meaning that all of the content is created  by undergraduate and graduate students at the University of British Columbia and The University of Toronto. Students also partner with library and educational staff to determine the direction and the approach of the site.

How can I use your site?

Our website has been around since the project started in 2008—which means we have a lot of content. We’ve rounded up some interesting articles and activities you can find on our site 

Check us out on social media—where we share interesting articles we find, update you on our latest content, and sometimes even play around with DALL-E 2. 

Written by: Eden Solarik

Edited by: Lucas Wright

Feature Image: UBC Brand & Marketing

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Does BeReal Curate Inauthentic “Authenticity”?

By Eden Solarik on September 2, 2022 | Tagged with , ,

The first time I encountered BeReal, I was on a bus going to downtown Vancouver. I noticed a woman sitting in front of me take a photo of herself, and then angle her phone to quickly take a photo out the window. At first I was confused as to what she was doing. A couple days later, I realised she was taking a BeReal. 

What is BeReal?

A photo of a hand doing a peace sign on an outdoor patio surrounded by trees. In the top left corner, another photo of a woman taking a selfie is overlaid.

A mock-BeReal post

BeReal is a social media app that was released in 2020. The new feature of this app is that, at a random point in the day, it sends a notification that the user has 2 minutes “to BeReal”—meaning they must take a front- and back-facing photo within those 2 minutes, or their post will be marked as “late”.

Until the user posts, they can’t see their friends’ BeReals. After they post, they can comment on and react to the posts by snapping a selfie of their reaction. 

Why is BeReal popular with Gen Z?

BeReal has exploded in popularity in the past few months. What was once just another obscure social media app now has 10 million daily users. A large portion of its worldwide user base is part of Gen Z. Gen Z has become accustomed to information overload—from influencers, advertisers, and even friends. As a result, they now often distrust inauthentic brands. Similarly, they’ve been demanding more authentic social media experiences. The rocket-fast rise of BeReal therefore shouldn’t come as a surprise, due to a few different aspects of the app:

  • Authenticity: Fabricated or not, BeReal has a more authentic feel than other social media apps. The majority of my friends’ posts are of them at work, or in bed, or on the bus—the occasional person snaps their BeReal out with a friend. Overall, the posts seem to be a better representation of what real life is like. It’s a stark contrast to the perfectly “effortless” photos of Instagram, or the highly edited, algorithm-curated videos of Tiktok. 
  • Privacy: The majority of people I know that have BeReal only have a handful of friends on the app. I think it’s this privacy that allows people to feel more at ease, instead of expecting their post to be seen by hundreds—even thousands—of friends-of-friends.
  • No ads: BeReal is one of the very few social media platforms with no advertisements. For Gen Z, this brings us back to the beginning of Instagram, when the only purpose was to see your friends’ content. Now, Instagram and Tiktok are inundated by brands and influencers trying to push the Next Big Thing—which can become exhausting. 
  • Silliness: Neither the app nor those on it take themselves too seriously. When scrolling through my feed, pictures that people have posted range from a taxidermied monkey in a museum to the tan line on someone’s feet. The fact that the app forces you to take a photo at a specific time means you can get away with posting weirder things than what would be acceptable for a story (which you post voluntarily).

What about privacy?

As with all new apps, we should explore the privacy settings and their implications. BeReal has a leg up in privacy, as it is a French app. This means that it falls under the EU’s GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation). This law is considerably better than the laws that currently govern other social media companies, such as Meta (Facebook and Instagram), Twitter, and Tiktok.

BeReal has additional privacy-protecting features as well. Your account doesn’t have to be linked to your name—you can sign up with a random username and not include your last name in the “name” category. Additionally, posts are only up on BeReal for 24hrs, and you’re notified when someone screenshots your post. 

BeReal, however, is not immune to privacy concerns. The biggest worry is that the app encourages you to share your location when you share a post. You can refuse to share location data with the app, but it is still the default for the app. It would be an improvement if the app protected user privacy from the outset, and the location sharing was an optional opt-in feature.

The second issue is less related to the app itself, and more related to how people are using it. There is a trend online of people asking strangers to take their BeReals. When taking a photo on BeReal, it’s not obvious that it’s also taking a front-facing photo. This means that when people ask strangers to take their BeReal, they also snap a selfie of the helpful stranger.

Is BeReal here to stay?

BeReal has managed to fill a niche that has been lacking lately—a social media platform that gives you an “authentic” view into the lives of your close friends. It has positioned itself in opposition to mainstream social media platforms that encourage a curated presentation of a user’s life. 

However, some have questioned whether this “authentic” social media app can keep up this facade in the long term. I’ll be the first to admit that if BeReal notifies me at 7:30am, I at least wait until I’m out of bed and have brushed my hair before posting. While the idea of online authenticity is appealing, the reality is a bit more harsh. I think it’s possible that, while BeReal has been a hit during the summer (when we’re all carefree and looking tan and happy), users may not be as eager to post during the winter months (when the majority of our time is spent sitting in libraries or lecture halls).

There are two other main issues that could threaten the longevity of BeReal’s success:

  • Money: BeReal prides itself on its lack of ads, and as of yet there are no paid features in the app. (Although this could change, as there is a section in their privacy policy that discusses the purchase of paid features). We have seen the demise of other social media platforms when they do not implement revenue-generating features—hopefully BeReal can learn from others’ past failures.
  • Competition: Just as Instagram copied Snapchat Stories, Instagram is also testing out a BeReal copycat, called “Instagram Candid”. As with Instagram stories, if Candid is released people may start using the in-app feature instead of using a whole separate app—threatening BeReal’s success.

Do you think that authenticity is possible on social media? Are newer social media apps really more authentic and private, or are they the same old wine in a new bottle? Will BeReal be used in the long-term, or is it an internet fad? We’d love to hear what you think.

Written by: Eden Solarik

Edited by: Lucas Wright

Feature Image: Created with DALL-E 2

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We’ve Updated Our Reference Style!

By Eden Solarik on August 26, 2022 | Tagged with

We have made some changes to how we reference sources in our articles. Formerly, we used hyperlinked footnote numbers in brackets, as well as a reference list at the bottom of the page. We found this was not the most accessible way to reference sources online—footnotes are not ideal for screen readers.

An example of our previous reference style, with hyperlinked footnotes:

Going forward, we will reference sources by hyperlinking text in the sentence. Not only is this more accessible, it is also more eye-catching and easier to read.

An example of our new reference style, with hyperlinked text:

Do you have any questions or thoughts about how we reference our sources? Write a comment, send us an email, or contact us via social media to let us know what you think.

Featured Image by Gülfer ERGİN on Unsplash

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A New Frontier for Art: AI Image Generators

By Eden Solarik on August 19, 2022 | Tagged with , ,

When you think of creating art, you may picture someone delicately painting a portrait on a canvas, or perhaps someone snapping photos of a sunset. You probably don’t think of artificial intelligence creating a “psychedelic pencil sketch of karl marx eating ice cream” or a photorealistic image of a “gaming chair as a toilet”. With AI image generators, this is all possible. 

In this article, we will discuss AI image generators—their problems and potential. Credit and attribution are two primary issues that arise with AI image generators. Bias in artificial intelligence is also ever-present, and image generators are not immune to this. However, we will also address many interesting opportunities that arise with AI image generators. 

What is An AI Image Creator?

AI image generators are a category of websites and software that can create images based on prompts or based on photographs. In the past year different platforms have emerged which can generate images using data scraped from the Internet. Examples of AI image generators include Deep Dream Generator, NightCafe, Craiyon, and Art Breeder. One of the most sophisticated of these tools has been gaining popularity online this past year. DALL-E 2—a project from Open AI—is “a generative language model that takes sentences and creates corresponding original images”. With DALL-E, you can enter a prompt of any image you would like it to create, and it will create multiple images representing your prompt. It’s also possible to edit an existing photo—so you can make it look like mice are have a birthday party on your bed.

Sketch of a man with unruly hair and a beard eating an ice cream cone. The man is sketched in black while the ice cream cone is colourful, and the colours radiate out of the ice cream.

“Psychedelic Pencil Sketch of Karl Marx Eating Ice Cream” by Tobias, created with DALL-E 2

Who should be credited with the creation of AI-created images?

There has been much debate as to whether the DALL-E or other AI art generators should be credited as the artist, or if the credit should be given to the person operating the software. After all, the user is just entering prompts into a search bar. However, AI image generators are pulling from images and artwork that is already online, so is it really “creating” art?

Some have opted to view AI image creators as another tool that an artist may use—such as paintbrushes and paint, or a camera. If an artist were to create a painting, we wouldn’t say that the credit should go to their brushes. When cameras were first created, some people argued that the camera was doing all the work, and thought photographers should not have been considered artists. With this new software, users have to fiddle with prompts, and can create variants of the AI-generated creations by further editing them. Should the person doing this work be credited as the “artist”?

“If an artist were to create a painting, we wouldn’t say that the credit should go to their brushes”

As convincing and stunning as the creations with some AI generated images (specifically DALL-E 2) are, there is always the risk that people will try and pass off ai-generated art as their own painting, sketch, or photograph. Do you think that an artist should have to indicate that their work is created with the help of an AI image generator?

What are the limitations and problems?

  • Composition

While DALL-E (and other AI image generators) are great at creating abstract art, they don’t respond as well to extremely specific composition prompts. For example, if you enter “a green triangle on top of a large red square beside a small blue sphere”, it may put the triangle on the bottom, or switch around the colours.

  • Bias

A more pervasive issue in AI (DALL-E included) is bias. Because AI image creators are trained on open-source images taken from the internet, societal biases that are presented online are also present in the code. For example, when prompted to create images of people in prison, DALL-E 2 overwhelmingly creates images of men of colour. OpenAI (the creators of DALL-E) has circumvented this problem by not showing certain sensitive images on the platform. 

Applications of AI Image Creators

Other than the endless twitter threads that have been circulating with DALL-E created images, there have been some interesting applications of this software. For instance, Heinz has launched an ad campaign using DALL-E-created images of ketchup bottles that closely resemble Heinz bottles.

We ran some prompts through AI image creators to see what they would come up with. Here were the results:

Image on left: two arms with black and white and landscape tattoos on arm, clouds floating around the image. Image on right: tattoo of woman-like creature on arm, scary.

“Digital Tattoo” as conceived by NightCafe (left) and Craiyon (right)

Image on left: abstract, colourful art in a synth wave style. Vague outline of a man with computer-like objects around him. Image on right: Distorted face of a bald person made out of lines, digital style.

“Digital Identity” as conceived by NightCafe (left) and Craiyon (right)

While some of the images are certainly odd, they show the potential of this type of AI software.

Have you used any AI image creators? We would love to hear about your experience! Do you have a favourite software? Any particularly interesting images? Let us know in the comments below!

Written by: Eden Solarik

Edited by: Lucas Wright

Cover Photo: “Digital Identity” prompt in NightCafe

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Is the Price of Convenience a Loss of Privacy?

By Eden Solarik on August 5, 2022 | Tagged with ,

Connected objects and devices (aka the Internet of Things) are on the rise.[1] You probably have encountered an IoT object if you own a smartwatch or fitness tracker, or have a smart assistant like a Google Home. While these can be helpful gadgets, we suggest making some considerations before purchasing a smart object—check out what we have to say below! 

What is the IoT?

IoT stands for Internet of Things. IoT devices are objects that combine “swaths of tiny sensors”[2] with internet connectivity. This allows for data to be sent and received by an object.[3]  As these sensors become cheaper to produce and more readily available, they are being added to more devices. This is one of the reasons we are seeing an increase of devices in the IoT. The other reason we’re seeing this increase? User data (aka your data and my data!) is valuable. Companies are incorporating sensors that continuously collect our data so that they can store it, sell it, and use it for targeted advertising. While this may feel unnerving, there are still benefits to smart devices—and ways users can protect themselves from the potential privacy issues that come along with them.

Benefits to the User:

Connected objects have some positive aspects. For those with mobility needs, for example, smart home assistants and smart devices can increase the accessibility of their home.[4] The IoT has also meant we as consumers can acquire data about our everyday activities. Smart devices are constantly tracking, measuring, and analysing. With something like a smart toothbrush, brushing patterns are tracked and analysed—so if I’m constantly missing a tooth, my toothbrush will tell me—instead of my dentist telling me once I’ve developed a cavity in that tooth.

The IoT has also helped with reducing energy usage in homes and cities. For example, a smart thermostat can track energy usage—and if it has access to other data (such as if there are people at home) it can reduce unnecessary heating or cooling.[5] Similarly (but on a much larger scale) Barcelona—one of the first smart cities—has reduced energy and water usage through sensing and tracking with IoT connected devices.[6]

Issues:

There have been numerous examples of privacy violations that have occurred with the use of this technology. In the United States, for example, Amazon released ring doorbell footage to police—without the consent of the user—11 times in 2022 as of July. This presents a significant privacy concern. This could extend to other devices as well—what if conversations[7] or indoor security camera footage was released to authorities without the consent of users? There have even been incidents where Wi-Fi baby monitors have been hacked—in a particularly chilling incident in 2018, a voice threatened to kidnap a sleeping child.[8]

I don’t let these incidents completely deter me from buying smart devices—but I do ask questions before adding another smart device to my space. 

What to Consider:

How much will this device improve my life?

Only you know whether this device will improve your day-to-day life. If you’re someone with mobility needs, having a smart home assistant connected to other devices in your home could greatly improve your quality of life. However, you may reconsider whether you *need* a device that can turn the lights off at your command, or whether you could just stand up and do it yourself.

What kind of data does this device collect?

Depending on what kind of information the device collects, you may feel more or less comfortable sharing this with a company. For example, you may not be bothered about your teeth brushing habits being shared, but feel uncomfortable with your location data being shared. Mozilla’s “Privacy Not Included” guide is a great resource to see what devices offer better user privacy.[9]

What are the privacy settings of this device?

Before buying the device, do some research about how privacy settings can be changed so personal data will not be shared, or will be deleted right away. For example, Amazon Alexa automatically saves all voice recordings, and stores them for an indeterminate period of time. However, settings can be easily changed so they’re deleted right away.[10]

Does this company have a reputation of violating users’ privacy?

Certain companies, such as Apple, have better reputations for protecting their users’ privacy than others.[11] It’s possible to research specific companies and whether or not they have a habit of sharing user data without consent—and to avoid these companies when possible.

What questions do you ask yourself? What are your favourite smart devices? Tell us below in the comments!

References

[1] Dahlqvist, Fredrik, et al. “Growing Opportunities in the Internet of Things.” McKinsey, McKinsey & Company, 16 Sept. 2020, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/private-equity-and-principal-investors/our-insights/growing-opportunities-in-the-internet-of-things.

[2] “Internet of Things Definition & Meaning.” Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Internet%20of%20Things.

[3] Iozzio, Corinne. “Power to the Internet of Things.” Scientific American, Scientific American, 1 Dec. 2014, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/power-to-the-internet-of-things/.

[4] “These Smart Home Devices Can Enhance Independence for People with Disabilities and Mobility Needs.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 23 Aug. 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/reviews/best-assistive-smart-home-technology-for-disabled/.

[5] Bogart, Nicole. “Can Smart Thermostats Really Help Save Money on Your Energy Bill? – National.” Global News, Global News, 1 May 2016, https://globalnews.ca/news/2670317/can-smart-thermostats-really-help-save-money-on-your-energy-bill/.

[6] “How Smart City Barcelona Brought the Internet of Things to Life.” Data-Smart City Solutions, Harvard University, 18 Feb. 2016, https://datasmart.ash.harvard.edu/news/article/how-smart-city-barcelona-brought-the-internet-of-things-to-life-789.

[7] Epstein, Kayla. “Police Think Amazon’s Alexa May Have Information on a Fatal Stabbing Case.” The Washington Post, WP Company, 3 Nov. 2019, https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/11/02/police-think-amazons-alexa-may-have-information-fatal-stabbing-case/.

[8] Joseph, Rebecca. “Wi-Fi Baby Monitor Hacked: Parents Wake up to Voice Threatening to Kidnap Their Child – National.” Global News, Global News, 21 Dec. 2018, https://globalnews.ca/news/4785542/wifi-baby-monitor-hacked-kidnap/.

[9] “*Privacy Not Included: A Buyer’s Guide for Connected Products.” Mozilla Foundation, https://foundation.mozilla.org/en/privacynotincluded/.

[10] “Delete Alexa Voice Recordings Automatically.” Amazon, Amazon, 2011, https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=G68KUKTXN92WY3C3.

[11] Hasselbalch, Gry, and Pernille Tranberg. “Data Ethics Is Embedded in Apple’s Business Culture · Dataetisk Tænkehandletank.” Dataetisk Tænkehandletank, 12 Apr. 2017, https://dataethics.eu/data-ethics-embedded-apples-business-culture/.

Written by: Eden Solarik

Edited by: Alex Kuskowski & Lucas Wright

Photo by: Jürgen Jester on Unsplash

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Hacking Horror: How My Digital Identity Was Stolen, and How I Got it Back

By Eden Solarik on July 22, 2022 | Tagged with , , , , , ,

If you haven’t had one of your social media accounts hacked, consider yourself lucky—but don’t assume that you will be safe forever.[1] According to a survey by the University of Phoenix, nearly two thirds of adults have had a social media account hacked.[2] Often, scams start by sending an automated link from an already-compromised friend’s account. That link prompts login entry details to a fake version of the social media platform. Oftentimes if the password is changed by the user right away, it avoids the account being completely taken.

This was not the case for Gina, a third year UBC student. Her Instagram account was hacked and quickly taken over by a real person twice consecutively in March 2022. She shared how the experience changed her approach to social media.

Note: Responses have been edited for length and clarity.

Describe, in your own words, your relationship with your social media accounts before being hacked

Social media is something that I check daily and often. Most of the time I use social media because a lot of my friends use direct messaging on Instagram. A lot of them are international students, so we can’t really use iMessage without being charged. So social media—like Facebook Messenger, Instagram—those kinds of platforms I use pretty often. But around the time that I was hacked, I wasn’t using it that often just because I was so busy with school and I was studying for finals, trying to shift my focus towards that instead of checking social media more often.

How did you know you had been hacked?

I actually received a message from my friend through direct messages, it just seemed like a normal conversation. She asked me how I was doing, how school was going and I rolled with it. She told me that she was working on a school project and wanted to send me this link. I thought, okay, maybe she just wants to share with me what she’s working on. So, she sent me the link [to a google doc] and then when I clicked on it, it brought me to my Chrome browser, but it wasn’t loading. I thought it was an issue with my wifi and I kept shutting everything off. Tried reloading it again. And then it just left me at a blank white screen. I was about to message her back like, oh, the link isn’t working, but right as I was trying to do that, I got logged out of my Instagram account immediately.

After that, I got a text message from this really odd number. I don’t even know how they got my number. It was a five digit number that you would get from some kind of robot, and it was asking to click on another link and I’m like, okay, obviously I’m not gonna do that, because I don’t know who this person is.

I was like, well I’m gonna try logging in again, just thinking maybe it was some glitch and I couldn’t get back into my account. But my username was changed immediately. So my username, I couldn’t use anymore. I didn’t even have access to Instagram, so I couldn’t see what they [the hacker] were using.

Everything was changed. And I thought, okay, I’m just gonna message one of my friends and see if they can see my account and tell me if something’s wrong with it. So my friend took a picture of my account and they had changed my username. Immediately they changed my username, changed my phone number, changed my email. So I couldn’t do any two factor authentication to log back in to my account.

What actions did you take after you realised your account was hacked?

It took me several days [to get my account back]. Instagram has several different authentication methods if you’re hacked. This came in handy, but they were also very difficult to navigate because Instagram does not have a direct phone number, email, or open forum where you can submit questions about how to get around hacking. They just say follow these instructions, which makes it really difficult.

The first time around, they had asked me to take a blank white piece of paper and they sent me a number via an email address that was formerly on my account (as the hacker changed the email to something else). I wrote down the number on a piece of blank paper and held it up to my face so they could match it to the photos of me on my account. I did that, and they said, okay, we’ll respond to you within one business day. 

I’m kind of sitting there anxiously, because I don’t know what other information [the hacker is] gathering in the meantime—so I went through and I changed every single account that I had with every company, every bank, everything. I changed the username, I changed the password, I got two factor authentication through a third party app (duo push). 

A day later they got back to me and said, “we need more information”. They said, can you do an artificial intelligence facial scan? Essentially you put the phone up to your face and it asks you to move your face in different directions. After you do a series of head turns, it submits that to Instagram and then it uses the technology to do a scan of your account to see if your features match up.

I got into my account, but the hacker was [already] in my account at the same time. It was a race to change my information before they could change it back. They actually managed to kick me out again because they had third-party authorization set up, which allowed them into my account despite me changing the recovery email. I had to repeat the entire recovery process again, but eventually I was able to get my account back for good.

What was the impact on your social media accounts when your Instagram was hacked? Do you still feel those impacts?

I’ve always kept my Facebook and Instagram separate, because I didn’t want the accounts to be linked to each other. Thank goodness for that, because I think if they did have my Facebook as well, that would’ve caused another issue because I did have my bank card details linked to my Facebook at the time. If I’d had my Instagram and Facebook tied together, the situation would’ve been a lot worse.

On Instagram, the hacker started posting cryptocurrency ads with pictures of my face. So they were using me as a marketing tactic and they were advertising it to all my friends. They also unfollowed a lot of people that I followed, and tried to message my friends that they could tell I was close to. 

Did you learn anything from this experience?

I would say that, even though people say, “It’s not gonna happen to me”—I thought it wasn’t going to happen to me—and it did. And I feel like I’m really avid about privacy and security, I’ve always had two factor authentication for all of my apps. So when this happened, I thought that I should up my security more—and seeing how aggressive people can be online, in terms of hacking and trying to get other people’s information, it made me really worried about what I’m actually signing up for when I’m downloading these apps—these accounts I’m creating. It made me really weary about how secure these apps are and why I even need to put in all this information. As a result of this experience, I decided to get a third party authorization (duo push) for every single app that I use. 

Has this experience changed the way that you interact with your online accounts?

Oh yeah, definitely. Nowadays, I’ve been trying to abstain from even messaging on Instagram. Because still in the back of my head, I’m thinking that there’s a possibility I could get hacked again. If I do have a wifi connection, I’ll use my iMessage or Whatsapp. It’s just kind of been a scary thought of “this can happen to me, so it can happen to my friends, it can happen to my parents”.

So… How can you protect your online accounts?

One of the best ways to protect your accounts is to set up third-party two-factor authentication. When you login to your account, you will be prompted to verify your login through another app. This way, if a hacker tries to gain access to your account, they won’t be able to with only your login information—as you have to manually verify all login attempts. There are a number of services that offer this. UBC [3] and UofT [4] use an app called DUO [5] to secure your student account, which can be linked to any other account as well. 

Periodically asking questions about your account security and digital identity can help to protect against cyber security threats. We’ve developed a few questions to consider when trying to protect your digital identity online.

Questions to Consider:

  • How do you view your social media accounts? Are they an extension of your personal identity?
  • Do you consider how vulnerable your social media accounts are on a regular basis? (ex: Do you have multiple linked accounts? Do you reuse the same or similar passwords on multiple sites?)
  • How would your digital identity be altered if your online presence was stolen?

References

[1] Morrison, Sara. “Anyone Can Fall for Online Scams – Even You. Here’s How to Avoid Them.” Vox, Vox, 29 June 2022, https://www.vox.com/even-better/23157229/online-scam-venmo-zelle-cashapp-crypto.

[2] “Nearly Two-Thirds of U.S. Adults with Social Media Accounts Say They Have Been Hacked.” University of Phoenix Media Center, University of Phoenix, 27 Apr. 2016, https://www.phoenix.edu/media-center/press-release/nearly-two-thirds-of-u-s-adults-with-social-media-accounts-say-they-have-been-hacked.html.

[3] Avdich, Justin. “How to Enrol in Enhanced CWL.” KnowIT, UBC, 24 Apr. 2019, https://knowit.ok.ubc.ca/article/how-to-enrol-in-enhanced-cwl-974.html.

[4] “UTORMFA.” Information Security and Enterprise Architecture, UofT, https://isea.utoronto.ca/services/utormfa/.

[5] “Two-Factor Authentication Methods – Duo Push.” Duo Security, Cisco, https://duo.com/product/multi-factor-authentication-mfa/authentication-methods/duo-push.

Written By: Eden Solarik

Edited By: Alex Kuskowski

Image: Photo by Joan Gamell on Unsplash

Special thanks to Gina for sharing her story with us!

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Unmotivated, Exhausted, Burnt Out: Fighting Screen Fatigue at University

By Eden Solarik on July 8, 2022 | Tagged with , , , , ,

We are often told that we should be on our screens less. Overuse of screens can lead to poor sleep, neck and back pain, and eye strain and issues with focus, sleep, and more.[1][2][3] This narrative is often directed at personal screen use. It is common to get advice about how to go on social media less,[4] or how disincentivize yourself from looking at your screen at night,[5] or to stop looking at emails once you’re home.[6] Yet, we rarely get advice about how to go on screens less in our educational or professional roles. Students are often required to spend hours a day on their computers writing papers, taking notes, or watching lectures. Professionals may have hours of video meetings, emails to respond to, or projects to work on. All of this adds up to hours a day on screens.[7] How can we limit our screen time in professional settings, when we are required to use them?

As a student or a professional, it is often not possible to stop doing tasks that are connected to screens. However, it is possible to shift tasks off of a screen, so that they may be completed without contributing to the negative impacts of screen overuse. Below we’ve identified successful approaches to reducing the impact of screen time during meetings, lectures, and when completing essays, projects, and exams.

 

Meetings

More now than ever we are holding meetings virtually. Throughout the pandemic this was a necessity, now it has become a habit. There are certainly benefits that come with online meetings, such as meeting with people who work remotely, or who are in a different location. However, there are times when holding meetings online is not necessary. Additionally, there is a tendency to be on screens while on meetings — to take notes or share content, for example. This also is often habitual and not necessary for the meeting.

  • Before scheduling a meeting: Does visual material need to be shared during the meeting? If not, try scheduling a phone call meeting instead of video. No cameras can mean less zoom fatigue.[8]
  • If the team members that are meeting are all in the same place (and it’s a nice day), consider going for a walking meeting instead of meeting inside. This will discourage laptop usage during the meeting, and the fresh air and movement is a bonus.[9]

 

Classes and Lectures

Similar to meetings, classes shifted online during the pandemic, and some have stayed fully or partially online. Now there are many aspects of classes and lectures that require screens. Some of these are optional, though, and there are ways to reduce screen time while in lectures.

  • If the class is open to students, consider going in person instead of watching recorded or zoom lectures.[10][11]
  • If viewing a lot of record lectures when taking an online course is a necessity, consider taking a break from watching once in a while. Try listening to the recording and taking notes rather than watching the video, if it doesn’t have important visual information.
  • Try taking notes by hand on paper (or in a reusable notebook) instead of typing them — not only will this reduce screen time, but there are also studies that have found that taking notes by hand increases retention of the content better than typing.[12]

 

Reading Material

Buying reading material can quickly become very expensive, not to mention all of that paper often feels like a waste. Students have largely shifted to reading books, textbooks, and papers online — but this adds to the amount of hours we spend looking at our laptops. There are alternatives that can help strike a “happy medium” between paper and screen.

  • If a class has books assigned, consider reading physical copies instead of ebooks.[13]
  • If a class has assigned readings, try printing some of them to read on paper. Alternatively, consider just printing off readings that require more attention—like for a paper or project.
  • An alternative to reading on paper is listening. Try audiobooks for books or text-to-speech for readings. This is also a great option for auditory learners.

 

Essays, Projects, and Exams

The ease of doing work on platforms like google docs and microsoft word can pull us towards working on a screen all the time. If the goal is to reduce screen usage though, here are some ways to work or study offline. 

  • Consider starting a draft of an essay or project on paper instead of on a computer. If environmental impact is important to you, think about looking into a reusable notebook as an alternative to paper.
  • Alternatively, try diction (speech-to-text) to start an essay or project. This can be done in a chrome browser when using google docs, or on apple products in the notes app. 
  • While researching, consider looking for podcasts that are relevant to the essay or project topic instead of reading online the entire time.
  • When studying for an exam, try printing off typed notes (if they’ve previously were typed) and annotating, underlining, and highlighting on paper.[14]
  • If making study sheets for an exam, try doing this on paper instead of online.[15] Mind mapping is one of my favourite ways to study, which I find is best done on paper.

 

Taking Breaks

  • When taking a break from work (like a lunch break or a study break) try to avoid going on screens more. Eating lunch away from the work desk, or going for a walk as a study break can help to avoid spending a break looking at another screen. 
  • The Pomodoro Technique is great for scheduling breaks, which can encourage more focused work periods and screen-free down time.[16]
  • Listening to music or a podcast as a break is a great alternative to a video or scrolling on an app.

 

Would you benefit from shifting your studying and work off your screen? Using screens more mindfully can hopefully lead to feeling more energised at work. We’ve developed guiding questions to help inform your usage:

  • What are the areas where I spend the most time on screens? Is all this time necessary and productive, or can I move this work off of my screen in some way?
  • What does working on a screen bring to my work, and in what ways does it hinder my performance?

We’d love to hear from you — what do you do when you get distracted on your screen? Do you turn your tech off for a break, or do you switch to another task on your screen (like social media or emails)?

References

[1] Lissak, Gadi. “Adverse Physiological and Psychological Effects of Screen Time on Children and Adolescents: Literature Review and Case Study.” Environmental Research, vol. 164, 2018, pp. 149–157., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.015.

[2] Torsheim, Torbjørn, et al. “Screen-Based Activities and Physical Complaints among Adolescents from the Nordic Countries.” BMC Public Health, vol. 10, no. 1, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-324.

[3] Yan, Zheng, et al. “Computer Vision Syndrome: A Widely Spreading but Largely Unknown Epidemic among Computer Users.” Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 24, no. 5, 2008, pp. 2026–2042., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2007.09.004.

[4] Huss, Michael James. “How to Unfriend Negative Social Media Habits before You Get to College.” USF Admissions, University of South Florida, 10 June 2019, https://admissions.usf.edu/blog/how-to-unfriend-negative-social-media-habits-before-you-get-to-college.

[5] “How Screen Time May Cause Insomnia in Teens.” Sleep Foundation, Sleep Foundation, 13 May 2022, https://www.sleepfoundation.org/teens-and-sleep/screen-time-and-insomnia-for-teens.

[6] “Mere Expectation of Checking Work Email after Hours Harms Health of Workers and Families.” ScienceDaily, Virginia Tech, 10 Aug. 2018, https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/08/180810091553.htm.

[7] “Average Adult Will Spend 34 Years of Their Life Looking at Screens, Poll Claims.” The Independent, Independent Digital News and Media, 11 May 2020, https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/news/screen-time-average-lifetime-years-phone-laptop-tv-a9508751.html.

[8] University, Stanford. “Four Causes for ‘Zoom Fatigue’ and Their Solutions.” Stanford News, Stanford University, 1 Mar. 2021, https://news.stanford.edu/2021/02/23/four-causes-zoom-fatigue-solutions/.

[9] “How to Do Walking Meetings Right.” Harvard Business Review, Harvard University, 27 Sept. 2017, https://hbr.org/2015/08/how-to-do-walking-meetings-right.

[10] Alpert, William T., et al. “A Randomized Assessment of Online Learning.” American Economic Review, vol. 106, no. 5, 2016, pp. 378–382., https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20161057.

[11] Mueller, Pam A., and Daniel M. Oppenheimer. “The Pen Is Mightier than the Keyboard.” Psychological Science, vol. 25, no. 6, 2014, pp. 1159–1168., https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614524581.

[12] Jabr, Ferris. “The Reading Brain in the Digital Age: The Science of Paper versus Screens.” Scientific American, Scientific American, 11 Apr. 2013, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/reading-paper-screens/.

[13] Libretexts. “1.5: Annotation Is a System for Remembering What You Read.” Humanities LibreTexts, Libretexts, 4 Aug. 2020, https://human.libretexts.org/Courses/Housatonic_Community_College/ENG101/ENG_101_OER/1%

3A_Reading_in_College/1.5%3A_Annotation_is_a_system_for_remembering_what_you_read.

[14] “Taking Notes.” Chapman Learning Commons, University of British Columbia, 5 July 2022, https://learningcommons.ubc.ca/student-toolkits/taking-notes/?login%3Flogin.

[15] “The Pomodoro Technique: Study More Efficiently, Take More Breaks.” Chapman Learning Commons, University of British Columbia, 20 Apr. 2022, https://learningcommons.ubc.ca/the-pomodoro-technique-study-more-efficiently-take-more-breaks/.

Written By: Eden Solarik

Edited By: Alex Kuskowski, Lucas Wright, & Rie Namba

Featured Image: Photo by Surface on Unsplash

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What to Consider Before You Start Content Creating

By Ozioma Nwabuikwu on June 24, 2022 | Tagged with , , , ,

Guest Post by Ozioma Nwabuikwu

Over 4 billion [1] people around the world are on social media, and almost half of them use TikTok.[2] This is just one example of how rapid advancements in communication technology over the past few decades have increased access to information. With this access comes an increased need for information and that’s where content creators come in. We distill information into entertaining, engaging and digestible pieces and present them in all forms of media, for example, that infographic you saw on a current humanitarian crisis,[3] or that TikTok audio you can’t get out of your head.[4] Anything can be made into social media content, from your daily routine to your university experience — and even very specific interests and hobbies.[5] Unfortunately, this can also mean that content creators can become exhausted while trying to meet that high demand and being highly visible online. As a university student and content creator on Instagram and TikTok, I have found that it is important for me to be conscious of my time, energy and approach to my role as a content creator to effectively balance it with my academics and life.

Keeping all this in mind, it is no wonder that one must be considerate in their decision about being a content creator. Content creating is way for people to express themselves fully. It has brought me so much happiness and taught me so many new skills. It  is a great role to have but care must be taken so you can fully reap its benefits. Here are a few considerations that I recommend college and university students consider before embarking on the content creation journey:

1. Time and Consistency

Being a college student is hard. But being a college student who’s also a content creator is even harder. Whatever your goal with content creation is, be it fame or creativity, the common themes every creator must follow is consistency. Consistent content, consistent entertainment, consistent change. Social media moves lightning fast and it can just as quickly leave you behind, so consistency is key. Another thing that requires consistency to succeed? Your university degree. And that is where the problem lies, if you want to give content creation a try but you think you can’t do so without hurting your grades, know it could be a possibility. Find a rhythm that helps you prioritize your goals. In my own practice, I built a content calendar as well as a school calendar. Then, I do my best to match them up according to my availability and needs. Knowing my priorities has kept me grounded, even though it’s not a perfect science.

2. “What will your friends think?”

This increased availability of information means that just by having social media, you’re out in the open. Content creation further compounds this issue as you the more content you make, the better you perform and the more visible you are to your audience. A lot of people I know have expressed that they would definitely take up content creation if they could move from their current home or could find a way to do so without alerting friends and family. They are afraid of being judged or making mistakes. But nothing can be mastered without failure. This fear of judgement is a powerful obstacle that I still struggle with too. I’ve found that what helps me is knowing that there are people who look up to me and are inspired by my content.

3. Mental and physical safety

When one creates content and becomes so visible, it is possible that this will take a toll on your mental and physical safety. Mentally, you might be faced with rude comments, low engagement or even suffer from burnout due to constant posting and being chronically online. Personally, taking social media breaks helps me deal with this, as well as reporting negative comments. Some social media platforms such as TikTok have comment settings that help you filter out certain words that may trigger you. This can help protect your privacy as well as your peace of mind.

Social media can also leave you exposed, especially if you share more personal information about your life and whereabouts. This information may be used maliciously, in extreme cases. It is important to exercise caution as you share personal information about yourself and set boundaries with your audience. This can involve little things such as reviewing your content for small personal details that you might miss like your license plate number, your house number and even the view outside your window. It is also possible to share videos about aspects of your routine after they are completed (for example, only share that you have gone out for lunch at a certain place after you are home), so that people do not know your whereabouts at a given time. Exercise caution in sharing regular aspects of your routine; if you must share then try to leave out more specific details like location and time. Depending on your content, it might be important to share certain details but try your best to keep these tips in mind!

4. Present and future employers

Another risk for posting to consider is how relevant employers may view your content. I often have to consider what content a future employer would consider inappropriate. This is a personal journey for everyone. I post according to my values and while I don’t want to water them down, I have to find a way to balance them with my goals. There are different types of content as well as different types of employers, what works for you might be different for someone else and vice versa. In fact, 7 out of 10 employers (70 percent) use social networking sites to research job candidates [6] during the hiring process. You are interviewing potential employers as well so your social media can also be a way to determine if their values align with yours. Only you can make that decision and it is an important one to consider so you are prepared if an employer asks you about your content in a job interview!

5. The internet is forever

In the last few years, we’ve seen memes resurface from ten years ago and we’ve seen old songs become viral again.[7] The internet has an elephant’s memory and once you start, it is hard to fully erase your presence from it. That’s why it is important to think about how your content will age.

Here are some questions I ask myself:

  • Am I sharing views that you think are going to remain the same for me in the future?
  • Am I sharing opinions that you believe in or are you following the ‘trend’?
  • If this video resurfaced a few years later, how would that make me feel?
  • What are my motivations for sharing this information? Are they positive or negative?
  • What am I hoping to gain from sharing this information and what do I want others to gain?

These questions are complex and your answers may change. But it is important to consider them as well as possible repercussions and choose what you may be able to handle.

I hope this article has given you more insight on what it takes to be a content creator in college or university. It can be scary and stressful but ultimately, you’re gaining skills that will take you so far and you’re finding yourself in the process! I know I am.

References

[1] Gurd, J., Hanlon, A., & Bullock, L. (2022, April 1). Global Social Media Statistics Research Summary 2022. Smart Insights. Retrieved April 27, 2022.

[2] Tiktok statistics – everything you need to know [Apr 2022 update]. Wallaroo Media. (2022, April 21). Retrieved April 27, 2022.

[3] Wong, H. (2019, September 25). How a climate crisis graphic became a meme. Design Week. Retrieved April 27, 2022.

[4] Bilderbeck, P. (2022, April 21). Woman’s Strange Sound after hitting back on tiktok turns into viral sensation of remixes. LADbible. Retrieved April 27, 2022.

[5] Newman, T. (2020, December 4). Tiktok top 10 – biggest little communities: Top niche communities. RouteNote Blog. Retrieved April 27, 2022.

[6] More than half of employers have found content on social media that caused them not to hire a candidate, according to recent CareerBuilder survey. Press Room | Career Builder. (n.d.). Retrieved April 27, 2022.

[7] Conor Lochrie  |  12.01.2022. (2022, January 12). 5 old songs that Tiktok weirdly made famous again. Tone Deaf. Retrieved April 27, 2022.

Written By: Ozioma Nwabuikwu (Guest Contributor)

Edited By: Alex Kuskowski & Eden Solarik

Featured Image: Photo by Good Faces on Unsplash

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